MUD Mired in time...

Seriously. How can we escape the visually obvious fact that swing phase begins at the topmost point of the wobble zone where ground reaction and stance support are at play? Polar graphs (gray inset) show 5 contributors to this one knee curve. If you jam everything into mud swing at toe-off , then that is when NOTHING is happening . If you use polar graphs of this same data (color dashes carry time info), we see the many different but interacting forces that make this full stride knee curve what it is. We can use a thing called Fourier transforms to draw similar shapes as seen above. We only need 5 harmonics for most knee curves of any normal or pathological circumstance. Each harmonic (= numerical representation of a

circle having both size & speed of rotation) represents a different body part or interacting thing (eg. Ground) contributing to the composite knee flexion curve. One double bump graph line drawn by 5 linked gears. You can’t draw much of anything if the gears are all similar. Using a series of gear sizes allows combos that are best suited to the task. Hmm, what size series would nature select?