MUD Mired in time...

You ask, ‘Does that 10° accomplish anything?’ You can't tell from angle graphs. But direct visualization shows that it shortens the leg as the hip forward trajectory passes from behind the ankle to above it. There is less hill to climb against gravity saving energy. That is one of Inman's 'determinants', a why for the what – shorten required vertical rise approaching verticality nor leave a debt on passing. This is only functional if the hip to ankle line* is passing through vertical. The knee ANGLE graphs do not even hint this. You have to infer it from – oooooooh – those mud prints (orange rectangles at the bottom of the graph). HARP* does tell you. This is mentally exhausting. So, let’s take a break from why old terminology is bad. Let’s look at a common, for us, functional “abnormality” as we clinicians see regularly. An insincere apology: These books are written with language acquiring methods - lots of repetition and small variations. We are learning a new language of walking so we can communicate a new way of seeing which is often devoid of accepted terminology. We are dodging ‘standard’ but conceptually damaged labels so as to not get mud all over our new floor. - rmn

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Hip Ankle Relative Position ( HARP , a vector in space & relative to the room & ground)